Liquid-feeding means and pump



W. I. TWOMBLY.

LIQUID FEEDING MEANS AND PUMP. APPLICATION rlLn ocr. 20.1917. nENEwEn ocr. 12. 1921.

Patented Nov. 28, 1922.

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om ZZ IIIIIIII I. T woMBmf. LIQIIID FEEDING MEANS AND PUMP. APPLICATION FILED OCT. 20, I9I RENEWED OCT. I2, IBZI.

Patented N 0V. 28, 1922.

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Patented Nov. Z8, 1922.

UNITED STATES PATENT ori-"ICE,

f WILLARD IRVING TWOMBLY, OF NEWARK, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO ACME ACCESSORIES CORPORATION, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., .A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

LIQUID-rnnDINe MEANS AND PUMP.

Application led October 20, 1917, Serial No. 197,589. Renewed October i2, 1921. Serial No. 507,357.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, VVrLLAnD InviNG and deliver it tothe intake of an engine,-

such as the carburetor of an internal combustion engine, and it is the object of the invention to provide improved liquid feeding means operable 'from the movements of the engine, which means are simple and cheap in construction and eicient in operation. v

Heretofore in apparatus of this character it has been the practice to connect means to the manifold 'intake of an engine and to utilize the suction'of the piston of the engine to createa vacuum to lift the fuel from a tank and deliver it to a reservoir from which it wasfedby gravity, or to connect a pump chamber to the manifold of the engine the pump being actuated by the suction of the engine during the fuel intake stroke of the piston to draw the fuel from a tank and deliver it to a reservoir from which it is fet by gravity to the carburetor.

One object of the invention is to provide means connected directly to the cylinder of the engine and operable by the varying pressures in the engine cylinder, such as during the power and suction strokes of the piston, to draw the fuel from a tank and deliver it. to the engine.

It is a further object of the invention to provide liquid feeding means of this character including a pumping mechanism having a reciprocable piston, said pimipingg,` mechanism being interposed between the fuel tank and the engine, the piston of the pumping` mechanism operating to separate the pump cylinder' into a motive chamber and a pump chamber. the motive chamber being connected to the combustion chamber of the engine and the piston reciprocated through the varying pressures in the combustion chamber, such as during the power and suction strokes of the engine piston, and

the pumping chamber having an inlet connected to the tank and an outlet whereby as the piston is reciprocated liquid is drawn from the tankv through the inlet of the pump chamber and delivered from the outlet of the pump chamber.

A further object of the invention is to prol vide means in which the pumping mechanism normally operates to shutoff' communication between the engine and tank and between the pump and tank, and operable to open communication between the tank and engine when the piston is reciprocated.

Another object of the invention is to provide liquid feeding means of this character in which the outlet of the pump chamber is connected and the liquid delivered to a reservoir which is connected to the fuel intake means of the engine, and to provide means' whereby the liquidlevel is controlled andl the tank being located at a point below the.

carburetor. f

Figure 2 is a sectional side elevation o. an embodiment of a pumping mechanism combined with a reservoir for use in connection with my improved fuel or gasolene feeding means.

Figure 3 is a sectional side elevation illustrating a modified form of pumping mechanism combined with a reservoir for use in connection with vmy improved fuel or gasolene feeding means.

Figure 4iis a cross'sectional view of the pumping mechanism taken substantially on the line 4 4 of Figure l3 and looking in the direction of the arrow.

Figure 5 is a sectional. side elevation of a modified pumping mechanism combined with a reservoir for use .in connection with. my improved fuel or gasolene .feeding means.

Figure 6 is a plan view ofthe pumping mechanism shown in Figure 5 with the cover for the reservoir removed;

Figure 7 is a cross sectional. view taken substantially on the line 7-7 of Figure 5 looking' in the direction of the arrow; and

Figure 3 is a cross sectional end elevation of a further modification of a combined pumping mechanism and reservoir for use in connection with my improved fuel or gasolene feeding means.

In Figure 1 of the drawings I have shown an embodiment of my invention applied as a fuel orga-solene feed in connection with a motor vehicle, the motive power of which is `an internal combustion engine 9 to which is connected a carburetor 1() by a manifold 11, and a fuel or gasolene supply tank 12 located at the rear of the vehicle at a point below the carburetor, with my improved means (designated in a general wa" by P) to draw the fuel from the tank an `deliver itto the carburetor of the intake of the engine in position between said tank and carburetor, the tank beingv connected thereto by a pipe 13 and the `carburetor by a pipe 14; said means to draw fuel from the tank and deliver it to the carburetor is connected by a pipe 15 to the combustion chamber of the engine, such as the opening for the priming cup `for the engine, as shown at 16.

The means to draw and 'deliver the fuel from the tank to the carburetor or engine is operable by the varying pressures in the combustion chambei of the engine, such as during the power and compression strokes, or the suction and exhaust strokes, of the engine piston, and in the form thereof shown I in Figure 2'includes, preferably in combination with a high level reservoir 29, a cylinder 17in which there is mounted a reciprocable piston 18, said piston separating the cylinder into amotive chamber 19 and a pump chamber 20. The motive chamber has a port 23 in a removable end 21 for. the cylinder 17 and to the threaded projection 22 of which closure 21 the pipe 15 connected to the engine is connected whereby the motive chamber has a conduit affording an open connection with the combustion chamber of an engine cylinder. The pump chamber 20 has an inlet 24y connected througha coupling and the pipe 13 with the tank 12, the inlet being normally closed by a gravity seated valve 26 opening into 'and closing outward from the pump chamber 20. The pump chamber has an outlet consisting of a series of circumferentially `disposed ports 27 extendingr diagonally through a flanged portion of the cylinder leading into a reservoir 29. in bex'feledp'ortion 30 forming a` seat for a valve 31v to close the ports, said valve belng in the form of a 'Sleeve slidably mounted upon the cylinder 17 and having a laterally flaring portion to correspond with the beveled portion 30. The valve opens into' and closes outward from the reservoir Yand is normally'mantlrinedyied'ingly' closed when The outlets of the ports are locatedy reservoir is closed by a cover 36 having an v annular flange 37 to engage within the flaring portion 35. The cover has a central opening through which the cylinder 17 eX- tends and the cover flange 37 is caused to forcibly engage the flaring end 35 of the reservoir to prevent leakage by Ithe splashing of the fuel in the reservoir by the screw closure or cap 21 on cylinder 17. Thus the pump cylinder serves the functions Vof a centering stud and as a tension bolt to clamp the cover on the reservoir the end of the cylinder 17 to which the cover may be connected. A port' 38 of small area may be provided to permit of the escape of air from and entrance of air to the reservoir. The piston 18 has the usual annular oil grooves 39 and carries a packing ring 40 of suitable material, said ring being clamped between thel piston and a flanged clamping nut 41 threaded onto a projection 42 of the piston, the flange having a loose fit in the cylinder and providing a recess between said flange and the piston for the engagement of the piston packing for a purpose to be hereinafter described. The piston 18 is yieldingly maintained toward the outermost end of the motive chamber by a spring 43, a spring bumper 44 being interposed between the flange of the piston nut 41 and the closure end 21 for the motive chamber to prevent the piston striking against the end of said chamber and making` a clicking or knocking noise. Y

It will be noted that the report 23 is of extremely small diameter as compa-red with the volume of the pump chamber but it will be understood that this may be varied if desired, as for instance, to vary the power or capacity of the pump.

In the operation of the pumping mechanism during the compression strokes of the piston of the engine due to the connection 15 of the motive chamber of the cylinder 17 with the combustion chamber of the engine cylinder such pressure willl be exerted on the end of the piston nut 41, a portion of such pressure due tothe loose lit of the nut flange entering the space between the flange and piston proper expanding the packing 4() and moving the piston against the action of the spring 43, the expansion of the packing ring also preventing the passage wof such Linares@ pressure to the pump chamber 'This move-- ment the piston Will unseat the valve i131 to open communication between the pump chamber and the reservoir. During the suction strokes ot the engine piston with the consequent reduction oit the pressru'e in the connection 15 and in the motive chamber the spring 413 will move the piston toward the outer end of the motive chamber, the valve 81 having automatically seated by gravity such movement of the piston 18 Will create a vacuum in the pump chamber unseating the valve 26 Aand drawing the fuel from the tank 12 through the connection 13 thereof With the pump chamber into the latter. This lat-ter movement of the piston 18 will also be facilitated duringv the suction stroke ol the piston of the engine by the cre-ation orf a vacuum in the motive chamber. The pipe lll; leading to the carburetor is connected to the reservoir 29 and the 'fuel from the reservoir to the carburetor is 'fed by gravity through said pipe. lt used 'for feeding gasoline to the carburetor oit an ordinary automobile enginel it would be extremely diflicult to proportion the parts so that the continuous operation ot the pumping mechanism would not llood the reservoir E29 and to control the fuel level therein the float 82 is provided. As the fuel level in the reservoir rises the bouyancy oli the lioat will cause it to rise and move upward. rlhis motion may be used to control the pump Ain any desired Way. As shoivn in Figure 2, the float being connected through the spring 33 With the valve 81 Will lift and unseat the valve 31 maintaining the valve open until the fuel level is lowered, the movement of the piston 18 While the valve 31 is open alternately drawing the fuel from and discharging it into the reservoir until such time as the fuel level permits the float to again assume a position with the valve 31 closed..

llt will he noted that the piston 18 at all times shuts oft' communication between the combustion chamber of the engine cylinder and the tank, and that communication between the intake of the engine and the tank is shut off from the reservoir by the valves 26 and 81 tor the inlet and outlet of the pum p chamber, and that communication bctwcen the tank and intake oit the engine is only during the operation ol' thel pumping mechanism.

The reciprocations of the piston 18 synvchronizes with the suction and compression strokes of the engine piston. and the stroke of the piston 1S is regulated in accordance with the pressure in the engine cylinder. For instance, should the throttle valve for the fuel intake of the engine be closed with consequent low pressures in the engine cylinder there` will be a low pressure in the motive chamber of the cylinder 17 and a short ,motion or stroke of the piston 18.. and as the throttle valve tor the engine intake is opened with the coi'lsequent increase oi pressures in the engine ^ylinder there will he a corresponding increase ot the pressures in the motive chamber ol the cylinder 17 and a longer stroke imparted to the piston. 18.

lt will be evident. however, that in operation o'r' an automobile engine, the explosions may vary from say 3 or el per second When idling up to lO or 50 or more per second at maximum speed. Hence a spring which is yielding enough to permit the above described operation of the piston under closethrottle, low-pressure conditions Will function somewhat differently when the engine is operating at high speed. This is because at high speeds, there is much or more work to be done by the spring actuated return. stroke oi' the piston and there is much less time to do it in. Hence the return stroke may be cut short by a succeeding explosive pressure before the piston gets back to initial position.

NIoi-eover, While the extreme constriction ott the inlet passage as shown in the drawings,y serves to moderate on the pump piston, the violence of the engine explosions, it also tends to average up the loiv pressures as Well as to average doivn the high pressures and this tendency becomes more pronounced with increasing speeds of the engine. Hence though the pressures in the engine cylinder continue to alternate between pronounced vacuum and high pressure even at high speeds, the pressures on 'the pump piston Will become pulsating, that is, they are above atmosphere even during the vacuum strokes or" the engine. This pulsating excess pressure at high speeds tends to force the pump piston toward the spring thereby compressing the spring until a` position is reached Where the spring is under a continuous minimum compression equal to the continuous minimum pressure in the motive chamber.

The piston continues to reciprocate in re spense to the variations of pressure, and the length or the stroke may be approximately the same or may be less, but the range oli the stroke is shifted enough to make the spring return strokes more powerful and therefore quicker acting.

lVlaking the spring 18 of ample length and providing a long clearance or pumping space in the cylinder, as shown in the drawaffords a considerable range for the above described shift or position of the stroke ot' the piston, with the corresponding increase ot spring stillness. It is one good method of rendering the device automatically self-accommodating for the Wide range oi alternating and pulsating pressures due to the constricted inlet during the widely varying speeds practically necessary in the operation oi autmnobile and similar internal combustion engines. For a wide range ot speeds the length olE the stroke will be determiner!A hy the pulsating (li'tl'ereuces o'li pressure du ri ng each cycle ot explosion, exhaust, suction and-com pression in the engine, independently ot the amounts orf said pressures, said changes in the amounts being taken care o'lf by the automatic shift oit the position of the stroke to the extent necessary to get a counterbalancing back pressure of the spring.

The spring 44 on the opposite end of the piston. is ot shorter length and shorter range olf action than spring 43. It functions only when conditions are such as to permit complete return stroke oit the piston on each suction stroke of the engine and this, as will be evident, is at the lower engine speeds and pressures, particularly at times when the speeds and pressures are low enough for establishing a vacuun'i` or below-atmosphere, pressure in the motive chamber of the pump during each suction stroke oit the engine. At such times the spring 44 is compressed by the suction stroke oil the piston. Then, as soon as the suction is relieved, the eXpansion of spring 44 initiates and assists the subsequent expansion stroke. In this way the short spring 44 acts during times of alternating suction and pressure on the piston, in a manner somewhat analogous to the action oi spring 44 during times of continuous pulsating pressure. This functioning of bumper spring 44 is more easily visualized where a longer bumper spring is used, as at 57, Figures 3, 5 and 8.

While the iioat controlled inlet shown .herein is one means for governing the pumpother methods of governing are employed,

as Jfor instance, those shown in Figures 5 and 8 of this application.

It will be noted that in the specific governing arrangen'ient shown herein the float 32, spring 33 and outlet valve 31. are means wherebythe pump is rendered .first ineil'ective and then inoperative. by gradual lifting ol. the outlet valve out of range of the outlet passages as the float rises to the uppermost position. Conversely as the liquid is drawn oil and the level lowers, the val've seats upon the Vpump outlets and. presses more and more heavily thereon until, in full normal operation, the entire weight oil the lloat may rest upon the valve. vThus in normal operation the outlet will be of much higher resistance to outflow of Huid than the inlet is to inflow. The purpose and result of this is explained hereafter in connection with Figure 5.

In the form of pumping mechanism shown in Figures 3 and 4 the piston cylinder 1.7 extends in a horizontal plane the piston 18 also separating the cylinder into the motive chamber 19 and pump chamber 20. The inlet connection 23 of the motive chamber with the engine cylinder is in a cap 45 closing the end of the motive chamber. The inlet 24 for the pump chamber is in the lateral Wall of the pump chamber and communicates with a port in a coupling 46 to connect the inlet with the pipe 13 leading to the tank 12, said porty normally being closed by a gravity seated valve 47 co-operating with a valve seat in the coupling 46, said valve opening into and closing outward from the pump chamber' 20. The outlet 27 of the pump chamber is in the lateral Wall of the pump chamber and a boss extending laterally therefrom and is normally closed by a valve 48 closing into and opening outward from the pump chamber 20. The valve 48 has a tubular portionv to engage in the outlet and a beveled portion 49 to seat in a correspondingly shaped portion of the outlet, the tubular portion of the valve having a longitudinal flute 50 below the beveledportion 49 to facilitate the discharge of the Jfuel from the pumping chamber Without withdrawing the tubular portion of the valve from the outlet. The outlet 27 leads into a reservoir 51 constructed integral with the cylinder 1.7, and the reservoir has an open top closed by a cover 52 removably secured to the reservoir by va rod 58 threaded into a boss on the cylinder 17 and extending through the cover with a nut 54 engaging on the threaded end of the rod projecting from the cover, and from which reservoir the fuel is delivered to the carburetor through the pipe 14 connected thereto. The piston is yieldingly maintained toward the outermost end of the motive chamber 19 by a spring 56 one end of which spring abuts against the end of the pump chamber and the other end is seated in a sleeve portion of the piston, a

"spring bumper 57 being interposed between the head of the piston and the end of the motive chamber to prevent the piston striking against the end of said chamber and making clicking and knocking noises.

The operation. of the pumpingr mechanism shown in Figures 3 `and 4 is similar to the operation of the pumping mechanism shown in Figure 2L To control the fuel level in the reservoir 51. lthere is a float 60 in the reservoir carried at one end of a `plate 61.

end on the side of the plate opposite to the valve to prevent withdrawing of the stem from the plate opening, with a spring coiled about the valve stem 63 between the plate 61 and valve. As the fuel level rises in the reservoir the float will rise, thereby lifting the valve 48 from its seat and maintaining the valve open until the fuel level is lowered, the piston 18 while the valve 48 is open alternately drawing fuel from and discharging it into the reservoir until such time as the fuel level permits the float to again assume a position to engage with and be supported by a nut 0r abutment 66 on the rod 53 and the valve 48 in closed position.

In the modification of the pumping mech.- anism. shown in Figures 5 to 7 the pumping operation is similar to that described in connection with Figures 1 and 2 but the construction resembles that shown in Figures 3 and 4, the functioning of springs 56 and 57 being respectively similar to that described for springs 43 and 44. The connection 15, instead of being directly with the motiveV chamber of the pumping mechanism is through ports 67 and 68 controlled by a valve 69. The outlet of the pump chamber 20 to the reservoir is through a port 70 in the cylindrical member 71 threaded into the end 0f the pump chamber and a lport 72 through the side walls of said cylindrical member and the pump chamber. The opening and closing of the ports 70 and 72 to shut off communication between the pump chamber and the reservoir is controlled by a piston valve 78 slidably mounted in the cylindrical member 71 and normally maintained in position to shut off communication between the ports 70 and 72 by a spring 74.

The inlet and its valve and theoutlet and its valve, have peculiarities which in combination contribute to the efficiency of the pump, especially when used for its preferred purpose as a fuel pump on an automobile engine. As before explained, the 'explosion strokes in any one of the cylinders of an automobile engine will vary from say 8 Or 4 per second for idling, up to say 40 or 50` or more per second, for high speed operation. Obviously, in such operation, any delay. even for a small fraction of a second, in the closing of the inlet valve will permit appreciable slip or backiiow of liquid to the tank.

It will be noted, however, that the inlet valve in Figure 5, as in all other figures of the drawing, is a free, gravity-seated ball. This is preferred `because it is a simple and very eidective means of getting the quick, free, low-resistance opening of the inlet which is very desirable at all times, and particularly so when the supply pipe is empty and the gasoline must be lifted by' first pumping air. But the ball form and absence of spring pressure which give the quick, free, low-resistance opening, tend to make it slow-closing. Hence, the outlet port 72 through which the liquid is forced from the pump chamber into the reservoir is shown as being much smaller than the supply inlet 47 also the piston outlet valve is heavier and is more powerfully forced to closed position by employing the sprino 74. The small size of the outlet port and the spring pressure on the valve both contribute to making the outlet of much higher resistance than the inlet. With such backpressure on the outlet, the high speed movement 0f the piston under the eXplosive pressure from the engine, takes effect on incompressible liquid and instantly piles up a sufcient back pressure on the inlet valve to force it tight down on its seat at the very beginning of the expelling stroke of the piston.

A similar @Heet is obtained in other forms of the device shown herein. For instance, in 'Figure 2 when the pump is in full normal operation with the weight of the float 82 transmitted through spring 83 to the outlet valve, the outlet is throttled so as to be of considerably higher resistance than the inlet. Hence the expelling stroke of the piston can pile up the required pressure for instantly seating outlet valve 26. Similarly, in Figure 3, when the float 60 is in the lowermost position,y its lweight is transmitted through spring 65 to outlet valve 49, thereby throttling the outlet and producing the required resistance to outflow of the liquid. 1n Figure 8, described hereafter, the inlet and Outlet passages and valves are of the same size but the inlet ball 81 is seated only by gravity while the outlet ball 83 is continuously spring pressed downward, thereby making the outlet resistance obviously much greater than the inlet resistance.

The fuel level in the reservoir is controlled by a float 75 in the reservoir connected by a rod 76 to the valve 69, wherebyv as the fuel in the reservoir reaches a predetermined level in the reservoir and the lioat rises to the position shown in lower dotted line position in Figure 7 the valve will be operated through the float to throttle communication between the engine cylinder and the motive chamber of the cylinder 17 and will be entirely shut off as it assumes the upper dotted line position, and thereby prevent the operation of the piston 18 during the movements of the engine piston. To indicate the extent of the movement of t-he piston 18 during operation, and to also permit of manual operation of the piston, a rod 77 secured at one end in the piston 18 extends through and slidably engages in the closure 45. The reservoir has a suitable outlet connected to the carburetor by the pipe 14. In the form shown in the drawings the casing of valve 69 is integral with thepump cylinder and in manufacture of the device the passage 68 is drilled downward through the small hole shown in the top of the valve casing. This hole may be plugged but preferably it is left open to permit access of a minute quantity of gasoline to slightly lubricate the valve 69.

In-the modification shown in Figure 8 the the construction and operation of the pumping mechanism and the connection thereof with the vengine cylinder is the same as in Figures 3 and 4 except that the piston 18 moves in a vertical direction instead of in a horizontalA plane. The pump chamber 20 of theV cylinder 17 is connected to the source of supply or tank 12 by the pipe 13 through a port '80 and communication between the pump chamber and tank is normally shut 'off vby a gravity seated valve 81 opening into and closing outward from the pump chamber. The fuel is discharged from the pump chamber to the reservoir 51 through a port 82 normally closed by a spring influenced valve83 closing into and opening outward from the pump chamber. The fue] level in the reservoir is controlled through a port 84 between thereservoir and the port 80 on the side of the valve 81 opposite to the pumpr chamber. rlf'his port 84 is normally closed by a gravity seated valve 85 similar to the valve 48 in Figure and the opening of which valve is controlled by a float 86 in the reservoir. The valve` 85 has a stem 87 extendingr up through the float to permit the float tohave Aa sliding movement thereon and through a sleeve 88 on the end projecting from the float, said sleeve and stem extending throughvand being slidable in an opening in the cover ofthe reservoir, a lock nut 89 on the Vstem retaining the sleeve in predetermined position on the stem. As the level of the fuel inthe reservoir rises theifioat will move upward, as for instance from the full line to the dotted line position, when it will engage with the sleeve 88 and any further 'upward movement of the float will move the valve stem and valve 85 with it thereby unseating the valve and opening communication between the reser voir 51 and the port 80 and permitting the flow of the fuel from the reservoir to the tank until the fuel level again reaches a predetermined level in the reservoir and the port 84 is closed by the valve 85,. `Having thus described my invention, I claim:

1.,Fuel feeding means for internal combustion engines, comprising the combination with a liquid fuel tank and an internalr combustion engine, of means interposed between and connected to 'the engine and tank including a reciprocable piston of the same diameter throughout and of greater length as compared with its diameter operable b v the varying pressurefof kthe engine motive combustion engine,'of a cylinder connected to the tank and 'the combustion chamber of the engine and a reciprocable piston `in said cylinder operable by the pressure of the engine motive actuating fluid in the combustion chamber to draw and deliver liquid from the tank and means operable by the liquid delivered by the piston to control the actuation of the piston.

Fuel feeding means for internal combustion engines,l comprising the combination with a liquid yfuel tank and an internal combustion engine, of a rcciprocable pump, the piston of whichpump is a relatively light shell or cup of .greater length than the cross sectional dimensions thereof, said pump being connected to the tank and the cylinder of the engine and operating to shut off communication between 4the engine and tank, and operable by the compression and expansion pressure of the engine motive actuating fluid in theengine cylinder7 together with a long helical compression spring in thepumping chamber and having a considerable portion of its length housed within said cup, to draw and deliver liquid from the tank, for the purpose specified.

4. In fuel feeding means for internal combustion engines, the combination with ja liquid fuel tank and an internal combustion engine, of a reciprocal piston pump having a check valve controlled inlet connected to the tank and a check valve controlled outlet at one side kof the piston, and connected to the engine at the opposite side of the piston,V and operable "by the motive actuating fluid of the engine 'during the compression and expansion of such fluid to draw and deliver liquid .from the tank, and means in the connection vof the pump with the engine operable ivhenfthe innnp has da livered a predcti-nmincd quantity of liquid from the tank to sluit off the motive actuating fluid of the engine from the pump, for the purpose specified.

5. Fuel feeding means for internalcombustion engines, comprising the combination with a liquid fuel tank and an internal combustion engine of a reservoir having an outlet, a pump interposed between and connected to the engine and tank, said pump chamber having a check valve controlled out let to the reservoir and a reciprocable piston operating toshut off communication between the engine and tank, said piston being operable by the compression and expansion pressure of the engine motive actuating fluid in the cylinder of the engine to open communication between'the pump and tank and draw` liquid from the tank and deliver it from the pump outlet to the reservoir; and a valve in the connection of the pump and engine controlled by the liquid level in the reservoir for the purpose specilied.

6. Fuel feeding means for internal combustion engines, comprising the combination with a liquid fuel tank and an internal combustion engine, of a reservoir having an outlet, a pump having a reciprocable piston connected to the engine, said pump being connected with the engine cylinder at one side of the piston and having a check valve controlled inlet from the tank and a check valve controlled outlet to the reservior, the variable pressure of the engine motive actuating fluid in the engine cylinder being operable to actuate the piston to draw the liquid from the tank through the inlet of the pump and deliver the liquid through the outlet to the reservoir; a valve in the connection of the pump and engine; and a float in the reservior to control the actuation of the valve, for the purpose specified.

7. Fuel feeding means for internal combustion engines, comprising the combination with an internal combustion engine and a fuel tank, of a pump cylinder connected to the engine, said cylinder having an inlet connected to the tank and an outlet, a reservoir connected to the outlet of the pump cylinder; a piston in the pump cylinder of greater length than the diameter thereof operable by the pressure of the engine motive actuating luid in the engine cylinder to draw liquid from the tank to the pump chamber and deliver it to the reservoir; and means in the connection of the pump and engine operable to control the actuation of the pump pistion by the engine motive actuating fluid and the drawing of the liquid from the tank, by the liquid level in the reservoir.

8. In fuel feedingmeans for internal combustion engines, the combination with an internal combustion engine and a fuel tank, a pumping` mechanism including a pumping element operable by the motive actuating fluid of the engine to draw liquid from the tank and deliver the liquid to the reservoir; and means controlled by the liquid level in the reservoir operable to control the actuation of the pumping element for the purpose specified.

9. Fuel feeding means for internal combustion engines, comprising the combination with an internal combustion engine and a liquid fuel tank, of a reservoir; a cylinder;

.a piston separating said cylinder into a motive chamber connected to the engine cylinder to operate the piston through the pressure ofthe engine motive actuating fluid in the engine cylinder, and pump chamber connected to the tank and reservoir, and a valve in the connection of the motive chamloerv and engine operable by the varying liquid levels in the reservoir to connect and disconnect the motive chamber from the engine for the purpose specilied.

l0. Fuel feeding means for internal combustion engines, comprising` the combination with an internal combustion engine and fuel tank, of a cylinder; a reciprocable pis ton of greater length as compared with its diameter engaging in and separating said cylinder into a pump chamber at one side of the piston having a check valve controlled inlet connected to the tank and a check valve controlled outlet, and a motive chamber at the opposite side of the piston connected to the engine cylinder, said piston being reciprocable by the pressure of the engine motive actuating fluid in the engine cylinder 'to draw fuel from the tank to the pump chamber and deliver it through the outlet of the pump chamber for the purpose specified.

lll. Fuel feeding means for internal coinbustion engines, comprising the combination with an internal combustion engine and a fuel tank, of a cylinder, a reciprocable piston separating said cylinder into a pump chamber at one side of the piston having a check valve controlled inlet connectedltf'i the tank and a check. valve controlled outlet` and .motive chamber at the opposite side of the piston connected to the engine cylinder; a reservoir connected to the outlet of the pump chamber; said piston being of greater length as compared with its cross sectional dimensions and being` movable in one direction by the engine motive actuating fluid in the engine cylinder and by a spring in the opposite direction to draw fuel from the tank to the pump chamber and deliver it to the reservoir; and means including a rotary valve in the connection of the pump with the engine cylinder and a lever and float connected to end of said valve vsi'thin said reservoir and operating to rotate said valve to control ,the actuation of 'the pump when the fuel rises to a predeterimined level in the reservoir.

l2. Fuel feeding means for internal combustion engines comprising the ccnilunation with au internal combustion engine and a liquid fuel tank, of a reservoir, a cylinder connected to the combustion chamber of the engine, tank, and reservoir; a reciprocable piston in said cylinder, said piston being` yieldingly urged 'to its outermost position and adapted to be moved by the compression and expansion pressure of the engine motive actuating fluid in the combustion charnber of the engine against the action of said yielding means to draiv fuel from the tank to the cylinder and means to control the actuation of the pump by the rise and vl of the liquid level in the reservoir, and for the purposes: specified.

13. Fuel feeding means for internal coinbustion engines, comprising the combination With an internal combustion engine and a liquid fuel tank, of a cylinder connected at one end to the combustion chamber of the engine and at the opposite end to the tank and the fuel intake means of the engine; a reciprocable piston in said cylinder; a spring to yieldingly maintain the piston in its outermost position, said piston being adapted to be moved against the action of the spring by the motive actuating fluid in the combustion chamber of the fuel engine to draw fuel from the tank and deliver it to the intake of the engine and means controlled by the volume of liquid delivered by the piston to control the actuation of the piston.

le. In fuel feeding means for internal combustion engines, the combination With an internal combustion engine, a carburetor connected to the fuel intake of the engine, and a liquid fuel tank, of a cylinder; a reciprocable piston engaging in said cylinder separating `the cylinder into a motive chamber at one end of the piston connected to the combustion chamber of the engine to reciprocate the piston by the motive actuating fiuid of the engine, and a pump chamber at the opposite end of the piston having an inlet connected to the tank and an outlet; a check 'alve for the inlet of the pump chamber opening into and closing outward from the pump chamber; a check valve for the outlet of the pump chamber` closing into and opening outward from the pump chamber; a reservoir connected to the outlet of the pump chai'nber and having an outlet connected to the carburetor to feed the fuel to the latter from the reservoir by gravity; and means controlled by the volume of liquid in the reservoir operable to shut off the motive actuating fluid of the engine from the motive chamber of the cylinder, for the purpose specified.

l5.` Fuel feeding means for il'iternal combustion engines, comprising the combination with an internal combustion engine and a liquid fuel tank, of a cylinder; a reciprocable piston in said cylinder separatil'ig the cylinder into a motive chamber at one side of the piston and a pump chamberk at the opposite side of the piston; a port in the motive chamber connected to the engine cylinder to actuate the piston by the motive actuating fluid of the engine; an inlet to the pump chamber connected to the tank; a reservoir; an outlet from the pump chamber leading to the reservoir; a valve to control the port of the motive chamber to conneet and disconnect said chamber from the engine cylinder; and a float in the reservoir to operate said valve in accordance with the liquid level in the reservoir and control the operation of the engine.

1G. Fuel feeding means for internal com bustion engines, comprising the combination with an internal combustion engine and a liquid fuel tank, of a cylinder; a reciprocable piston in the cylinder separating the cylinder into a motive chamber at one end of the piston connected to the combustion chamber of the engine cylinder to actuate the piston through the varying pressures in the combustion chamber, and a pump chamber at the opposite side of the piston having an inlet connected to the tank and an outlet; and a valve for the port of the motive chamber operable to connect and disconnect said chamber from the combustion chamber for the purpose specified.`

17. Fuel feeding .means for internal combustion engines, comprising the combination with an internal combustion engine and a liquid fuel tank, of a cylinder; a reciprocable piston separating the cylinder into a motive iiuid chamber at one side of the picton connected to the engine cylinder, and a pump chamber at the opposite side of the piston having an inlet connected to the tank and an outlet; a spring to maintain said piston in its outermost position in the motive chamber; said piston being reciprocable against the action of the springby the varying pressures in the engine cylinder; and manually operable means to reciprocate the piston against the action of the spring for the purpose specified.

i8. In fuel. feeding means for internal combustion engines, 'the combination with an internal. combustion engine and a liquid fuel tank, of a cylinder connected at one end to the engine cylinder and at the opposite end having an inlet connected to the tank and an outlet; a reciprocable piston in the cylinder; a spring to urge said pistonto a predetermined position in the cylinder said piston being reciprccable against the action of the spring by the motive actuating fluid in the engine cylinder; and a stem connected to thel piston extending `to the exterior of the cylinder to manually rccipi'ocate the pistou against the action oi' the spring, for `the lmrimse specified. i

19. In fuel feeding means for internal combustion engines, the combination With a liquid fuel tank and an internal combustion engine, of a reservoir.; means connected to the tank and reservoir including a pumping element operable by the engine motive actuating medium in the engine cylinder to lift the fuel tank from the tank and deliver it to the reservoir; and means operable `when the fuel reaches a predetermined level in the reservoir to shut off said fuel lifting and delivering means from the engine for the purpose specified. y

20. In fuel feeding means for internal combustionengines, the combustion with an engine and a liquid fuel tank, of a reservoir having an outlet; al pump including a nonin the reservoir to shut off the motive actuating fluid from' the engine to the pump for the purpose specified.

21. In fuel feeding means for internal combustion engines, the combination with an engine and a liquid fuel tank, of a reservoir having an outlet; a suction creating elementconnected to and operable by the varying pressure in the engine cylinder having a suction inlet connected to the tank and a valved outlet into the reservoir to control the drawingl of the fuel from the tank and the discharge of the same to the reservoir; and means operable when the fuel reaches a predetermined level in the reservoir to shut off the suction creating means from the engine for the purpose specified.

22.y In fuel feeding means `for internal combustion engines, the combination with an engine and a liquid fuel tank, of a reservoir having an outlet; suction creatingmeans connected to and operable by the varying pressure in thel engine cylinder having a suction inlet from the tank and a valved outlet into the reservoir to control the drawing of the fuel from the tank and the discharge of the ,same to the reservoir; and a valve in the connection betwen the suction creating means and the engineoperable by the varying liquid level in the reservoir to connect the suction creating means to and disconnect the same from the engine for the purpose 'specied v 23. In fuel feeding means for internal combustion engines, the combination with a liquid fuel tank, an engine and a carburetor connected to the fuel intake of the engine, of a reservoir independent of the carburetor and from which the fuel is fed by gravity to the carburetor; a pump connected to and actuated by the engine -motive actuating Vfluid inthe engine cylinder and having a suction inlet from the fuel tank and a check valve controlled outlet into the reservoir; and a valve in the connection of the pump with the engine cylinder operable through the variations in the liquid level in the reservoir to control the motive actuating fluid from the engine cylinder to the pump and thereby the actuation of the pump forthe purpose specified. g

' 24. In fuel feeding means for internal combustion engines, the combination with a liquid 'fuel tank, an engine and a carburetor connected to the fuelintake of the engine, of areservoir from which the fuel is fed to the carburetor by gravity; a pump connected t'o and actuated byA the compression and expansion pressure of the engine motive actuating fluid in the engine cylinr der, said pump having a suction connection from the fuel tank and acheck valve controlled outlet into the reservoir; a valve in the connection between the pump and engine; and a float in the reservoir connected to the valve and adapted to operate the valvel to connect the pump to and disconnect it from the engine in accordance with the varying liquid levels in the reservoir for the purpose specified.

25. In liquid feeding means for internal combustion engine, the combination with an internal combustion engine and a liquid supply tank, of a conduit and pressure actuated pump interposed between the tank and the intake of the engine; said pump including a cylinder and a piston to reciprocate in said cylinder and separating the cylinder into a pump chamber and a motive chamber; a port and conduit connecting the motive chamber with the engine cylinder; a spring in the pump chamber yieldingly pressing said piston toward said port; a valve controlled yinlet toward the pump, leading from the tank; a pump outlet leading toward said engine inta-ke; and a non-return valve adapted to Icheck reverse flow of liquid through said outlet during the lifting strokes of said piston; said motive chamber port being constricted and said spring and pump chamber long, as and for the purpose described.

26. A variable-throttle, variable-speed internal combustion engine in combination with a pump for utilizing the alternating vacuum and high pressure conditions in a combustion chamber of the engine throughout all variations of throttle opening and engine speed, said pump including a reciprocating pist-on element having two working heads, one in operative relation to the pump chamber and the other in operative relation to a motive chamber; suitable non-return valves controlling flow of fluid into said pump chamber through an inlet and flow of iiuid out of said chamber through an outlet; a conduit connecting the motive chamber of the pump with the motive chamber of a cylinder of the engine, including an intermediate constricted passage whereby at low speeds of the engine the alternating vacuum and high pressure conditions of the engine cylinder produce similar but modified vacuum and pressure conditions lin the motive chamber of the pump, and, at high engine speed, produce pulsating pressures higher than atmospheric in said motive chamber of the pump; and means for applying to said piston a counterpressure increasing automatically and progressively with the increase of the minimum pressures in the motive cylinder of the pump due to increasing speed Vof the engine.

27. A variable-throttle, variable-speed internal combustion engine in combination with a pump for utilizing the alternating i vaouumand high pressure conditions in a combustion chamber of the engine through yout/all variations of throttle opening and engine speed,said pump :including a reciprocating ypiston element having tivo Working heads, one in operative relation to the pump lchan'il')er and the other in operative relation .to a motive chamber; suitable non-return engine speed, produce pulsating pressures higher t an atmospheric in, said motive chamber of the pump; means permitting reciprocatlion of said pump pistonby the altervi'iatiiig pressurev and vacuum in thev motive chamber of the pump when the engineis operating Iat low speed and 'automatically compensating for vthe increased Vcontinuous portionof the pressure during high speeds oi the engine, When the pressure in the ino* tive'chamber ofthe pump becomes pulsating because of i said constriction.

"128. variable-throttle, variable-speed internal combustion engine, in Vcombination `-with aV pump for utilizing the alternating vacuum and high pressure conditions inthe combustion chamber of the cylinder of the engine to pump fluids, throughout all yvariations of'throttle openingand engine speed,

saidpump including a reciprocating piston clement having vtivo Working heads, one iii voperative relation to the pump chamber and the other inoperative relation toa motive chaiiiber; an inlet and` non-return valve therefor controlling free, loiv-resistance flow -of'iluid into said pump chamber; an outlet and non-return valve controlling `a relatively high resistance flow of fluid out of said pump chamber; a conduit connecting the ymotive chamber of the pump With the combustion chamber of a cylinder of the engine, saidconduit aiording a constricted communication whereby atlovv speeds of the l engine the alternating` vacuumv and .high

pressure conditions "of the engine cylinder produce ymodified vacuum and high pressure conditions in the motive chamber of the pump, and, at high engine speed, produce pulsating pressures higher than atmospheric in the motive chamber `of the pump;- and 'meansifor applying to the piston a counterressure increasing `automatically and progressively Withfthe increase of the minimum pressures in the I'motive chamber of the pump due to increasing speed of theengine.

29. A variable-throttle, variable-s cedinternal combustion engine,y in` com inati'on with a pump Jfor utilizing the alternating vacuum and high pressure conditions 4inta combustion chamber ofthe enginethrouglriout all variationsof throttle opening-'and engine speed, said pump includingalp'ressure actuated piston having two working heads, one in operative 'relation to the pump chamber and the other in' operativeyrelation to` aniotive chamber; a spring compressed by the pressure actuated stroke to force the return or suction strokeof thepistoni*an inlet and non-return valve therefor controlling free, lowresistance flow Aof fluid into said pump chamber; an outlet 'andhoriiref turn valve Y therefor fcontrolling relatively high resistance vHow of iuid cutoff-said 'chainbei" a conduit `connecting the 'motivei chaire ber of the pump with' the combustienichambere-f afcylinu-er oftheenigiiieswf i 30, A variable-thr.ottle,fvai'i bile-s eed'iinvternal combustion engine "inf-'oom ination with a pump rfor utilizing the laltern'ating vacuum and high pressure conditionslinrthe vcombustion chamber of vtheicylinde1""'(`f -tlie engine to pump fluids throughout allL 'variation of throttle opening` an VAen' ine speed, said pump includingv a' reciproca' ing piston havingtwo Working heads, vone inE operative relation to the pump chambeI andth'etlier in operative rela-tion, to raJ-inotive chamber; an inlet'and nonlreturnSv-alve therefor-oontrolling' 'free loW-resistance-liow'of Huid into said lpump chamber; anoutlet and -noneturn valve controlling a'relatively7 hi'ghffre- Vsstanceflow of fluid out ofsaidpinnp chainber; a conduit connecting the-imotive'cham'- bei" of the punipwitli the'conibustionchambei' Voi". a ,cylinderA offthe "engine whereby at `low speeds of the engine the* alternating vacuum and hi gh' pressure conditions of' the engine i cylinder produce modified'I vacuum and higlripressure conditions "in the motive chamberoir the pump and;v athigh engine speed, produce 'pulsating pressures Vhiglfier than" atmosphere in'` the' 'motive cylinder' of the pump; a long' spring at the pui'np'euii 'of the ypiston to oppose theI expansionV strokes and assist the returnstrokes; anda shorter spring at the motive endof'tlie piston to `op p'ose vacuum strokes andjassistdexpans'ion strokes.` "l il Si,` A variablethrottle, variab'lelsspeediinternal combustion engine in combination with a pump for utilizing the'jalternating vacuum and high pressure' conditions iii-the combustion chamber of the cylinderlof'the engine to pump' fluids throughout all .vari-al tions of throttlefopening andengine' speed, said pump including "al reciprocatingi piston having two `Working heads,oi`ie info erative relation to the pump chamber and t e otherI in Voperati-ive relation to a motive* chamber; anfinlet `and non-return val-v5 therefereqnso i IBO

trolling free low resistance How of fluid into said pump chamber; an outlet and non-return valve controlling a relatively high resistance flow of fluid out ci' said pump chamber; a Aconduit connecting the motive chamber oi' the pump with the combustion chamber of a cylinder of the engine whereby at low speeds of the engine the alternating vacuum and high pressure conditions of the engine cylinder produce modified vacuum lreturn strokes and to expand on the expansion strokes of the piston at lower engine speeds when the pressure variations are slow enough to ermit the piston to complete a return stro e at each suction stroke of the engine.

32. In apparatus of the class described, an internal combustion engine in combination with a pump having a pumping element, one face of which is directly connected with the combustion chamber of a cylinder of said engine and actuated by the alternating pressures therein; the other face of said pump element being in operative relation to a pumping chamber provided with suitable inlet'and outlet passages and valves; aspring on the pump side of said pumping element compressin on expansion movement of said pumping e'ement and expanding on return movement thereof; and another spring on the motive side of said pumping element, of shorter length and range than said first mentioned spring, for the purpose described,

33. In apparatus of the class described, an internal combustion engine in combination with a pump having a pumping element, one face of which is directly connected with the combustion chamber of a cylinder of said engine and actuated by the alternating pressures therein; the other Jface of said pump element being in operative relation to a pumping chamber provided with suitable inlet and outlet passages and valves; and springs acting oppositely on said pumping element; and differently for diiferent portions of the range of movement thereof.

34. In apparatus of the class described, an internal combustion engine in combination with a reservoir and pump; said pump including a piston having one portion in operative relation to a pump chamber.l an upwardly opening conduit and check -valve for upward inlet of liquid from the source oi supply and an outlet and upwardly opening check valve 'for outlet ci liquid to the interior of said reservoir; and said piston having another portion in operative relation to an expansion space for motive iiuid; a conduit connecting said motive space with the combustion space in al cylinder of the engine; said pump chamber, piston and outlet being formed and rrelatively arranged so as to cause automatic expulsion of all gaseous tluids from said pump chamber through said outlet into the reservoir.

35. In apparatus of the class described, an internal combustion engine in combination with a reservoir and pump; said pump including a pumping element having one portion in operative relation for direct contact with liquid in the pump chamber, an upwardly openino' conduit and check valve for inlet of liquid rom the source of supply and an outlet and upwardly opening check valve for outlet of liquid to the interior of said reservoir; and said pumping element having another portion in operative relation to an expansion space for motive fluid; a conduit connecting said motive space with the combustion space in a cylinder of the engine; the parts of said pump including pump chamber, outlet and pumping element being formed and relatively arranged so as to cause automatic expulsion of all gaseous iuids from the pump chamber.

36. In apparatus of the class described, an internal combustion engine in combination with a combined reservoir and pump unit; said pump including a pumping element having one portion in operative relation to a pump chamber, a conduit and check valve for inlet of liquid from the source oi supply and an outlet and check valve for delivery of liquid to the interior of said reservoir; and said pumping element having another por tion in operativefrelation to an expansion space for motive huid; a conduit connecting said motive space with the combustion space in a cylinder of the engine; govern ing valve for controlling application of pressure through said conduit, and means for controlling said valve by and in accordance with the level of liquid within the reservoir to maintain approximately constant level thereof; said level controlling mechanism being wholly within said reservoir, and its connections oit actuating said governing valve being through exteriorly sealed openings which communicate only with the interior of said reservoir.

67. A fuel supply system for internal combustion engines comprising a reservoir from which fuel is supplied tothe carburetor by gravity, a passageway between said reservoir and a source of fuel supply, `an outlet check valve controlling comnmnieution between said passageway and the reservoir, a, piston chamber in con'nn'unicu-tion with said passageway,` means of communication between the piston chamber Aand the eugineand means whereby the fuel 1n said reservoir controls such means of communication.

- '38.` A pulsa-tion pump for fuel supply comprising a' piston spring actuated in one `direction and adated to be operated by pulsating pressure in the opposite direction, a

Source of"pulsatingpressure 1n communication with the pressure side of said pump piston, and means controlled. by liquid fuel 'delivered by said pump for controlling the communication between the source ofwpulsetting pressure und the pump.

, 39. In fuel delivery apparatus Iin- `cluding zi piston adapted 'to be, exposedon one side to the varying pressure ofenl internal combustion engine cylindm'7 and spring pressed in the `other direction', e reservoir into Which fuel is pumped and meens actuated by rise of fuel in saidreservoir-for controlling connecton between the pumpandlthe 

